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Father leaves for work in the morning after breakfast. The two children take the bus to school, and mother stays at home cooking and cleaning until father and the kids return home in the evening. This is the traditional picture of a happy family living in Britain. But is it true today? The answer is - no! The past 20 years have seen enormous changes in the lives and structures of families in Britain, and the traditional model is no longer true in many cases.
The biggest change has been caused by divorce. As many as 2 out of 3 marriages now end in divorce, leading to a situation where many children live with one parent and only see the other at weekends or holidays. There has also been a huge rise in the number of mothers who work. The large rise in divorces has meant many women need to work to support themselves and their children. Even when there is no divorce, many families need both parents to work in order to survive. This has caused an increase in childcare facilities, though they are very expensive and can be difficult to find in many areas. In addition, women are no longer happy to stay at home raising children, and many have careers earning as much as or even more than men, the traditional breadwinners. There has also been a sharp increase in the number of single mothers, particularly among teenagers. Many of their children grow up never knowing their fathers, and some people feel the lack of a male role model has a damaging effect on their lives. However, these changes have not had a totally negative effect. For women, it is now much easier to have a career and good salary. Although it is difficult to be a working mother, it has become normal and it's no longer seen as a bad thing for the children. As for children themselves, some argue that modern children grow up to be more independent and mature than in the past. From an early age they have to go to childminders or nurseries, and so they are used to dealing with strangers and mixing with other children. So while the traditional model of a family may no longer be true in modern Britain, the modern family continues to raise happy, successful children. Vocabulary divorce when a marriage ends and the former husband and wife separate from one another a huge rise a very big increase/growth (opposite to fall/decrease/decline) to support here, to provide with a home and the necessities of life childcare facilities special institutions whose job is to look after children while parents are working raising bringing up and educating breadwinners a breadwinner is the person who earns the most money in their family sharp here, big and happening over a short period of time single mothers women who raise their children by themselves because they live separately from the children's fathers lack if there is a lack of something, there is not enough of it male role model a man who thinks and acts in the way that is traditionally perceived as being typical of men nurseries places equipped for looking after very young children dealing with managing, doing what is necessary to achieve the result you want mixing with socialising, living together with, joining
In an interview ahead of this week's G8 summit, President Putin has threatened to point Russian missiles towards Europe for the first time since the end of the Cold War, if the United States builds a defence shield in Eastern Europe. This report from Rupert Wingfield-Hayes:
If President Putin's words are anything to go by, it looks like being a pretty stormy G8 summit in Germany this week. First up was the United States: Mr Putin poured scorn on its plans to build a new missile shield in Eastern Europe. If it goes ahead, Russia would, he said, be forced to respond by pointing its own missiles at European targets. It would be the first time since the end of the Cold War that Europe has been directly targeted by Russian nuclear missiles. He then went on to accuse the West of hypocrisy in criticising Russia's human rights record. Responding to German Chancellor Angela Merkel, he said the United States is the main violator of freedoms and human rights around the world and he added that France, Germany and Britain have problems of their own. Finally he accused Britain of foolishness in trying to extradite a former KGB officer for the murder of Alexander Litvinenko. President Putin said Britain knew Russia's constitution prohibits such an extradition. By pushing ahead, he said, Britain was engaging in PR and politics, and any way you look at it, it's pure foolishness. anything to go by to be believed, to be taken seriously stormy full of angry feeling and conflict First up here, first to be criticised poured scorn on showed contempt for, harshly criticised hypocrisy when someone says they have certain principles or beliefs, while their actions show they don't really have them、偽善、見せかけ violator someone who ignores and acts against a law or agreement to extradite to hand over a person accused of a crime to the country where the crime was committed、引き渡す、引き取る prohibits bans, doesn't allow pushing ahead stubbornly trying to achieve the desired result any way you look at it whatever aspect of this situation you consider *G8/ The countries of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Representatives from these countries meet to discuss economic concerns. *constitution/ 憲法、構成、気質
The Brazilian cardinal, Claudio Hummes, has said the Catholic Church might have to think again in the future about the issue of celibacy. His statement comes 2 weeks after the Vatican again confirmed that it will not allow priests to marry.
cardinal / きわめて重要な、主要な、（カトリック教）教皇の最高顧問 celibacy / (聖職者の）独身生活 The number of men joining the priesthood has been falling steadily for years. The question many in the church are asking is whether the demand the Vatican makes on its priests, to be chaste and celibate, is forcing young men to ignore the calling. Cardinal Hummes, who takes over the congregation for the clergy this month - and he must try in his new role to re-energise the seminary - believes there is a debate to be had. Celibacy is a discipline, he said; it's not a dogma of the church. Certainly the majority of the apostles were married and in this modern age the church must observe these things; it has to advance with history. steadily / 堅実に chaste and celibate / in this case, pure in actions and thoughts, and not taking part in any sexual activity the calling / a deep, religious feeling that they should become priests congregation / 集会、修道会 dogma / 教義、教理、信念 apostle / 12使徒、弟子 The seventy-two year old cardinal is viewed by some as a potential successor to Pope Benedict. His comments will be taken seriously. But two weeks ago, senior figures in the Vatican met for three hours to discuss this issue and they reaffirmed the need for solid Christian and human training. Pope Benedict / ベネディクト教会、ローマ法王 reaffirme / 再び主張、断言する solid / 信頼できる、立派な Roughly a hundred and fifty thousand men world-wide have left the priesthood to marry. The church considers them outcasts. But in the Middle Ages, there was no formal ban on marriage for the clergy. In fact many Popes had wives, including the 9th century pope, Hadrian the Second. outcast / 見捨てられた、追放者 clergy / 聖職者、僧侶
Banana war
Trade officials say that Ecuador has made a complaint to the World Trade Organisation about the tariffs the European Union imposes on imports of bananas. This report from Andrew Walker: ecuador/ エクアドル tariff/ 関税、税率 impose/ 課する、負わす The EU's banana tariff provides some degree of protection from competition to two groups of producers. One is foreign suppliers mainly in Africa and the Caribbean, which are usually former colonies of EU states. They have tariff free access for about three quarters of a million tonnes of their bananas. The other group is producers inside the EU, in Spain, Greece, Portugal and French territories in the Caribbean. The single tariff on bananas from elsewhere - mainly Latin America - was introduced in January to replace a more complex system of tariffs and quotas which the WTO decided was incompatible with its rules. The EU was told to introduce a system that at least preserved the previous market access for other suppliers. tonnes/ <英>メトリックトン 重量の単位；1,000kg quota/持分、取り分、割当 WTO/ Warsaw Treaty Organization；World Trade Organization 世界貿易機関：1995年にGATTに代わって発足 incompatible/ 相入れない、矛盾する、両立できない preserve/ 保護する、保管する、持ちつづける Ecuador has apparently decided that it does not do that and is reported to have made a complaint to the WTO. Several other Latin American countries were involved in early stages of this long running quarrel. So was the United States, because many plantations in South and Central America are run by US companies such as Chiquita. The EU has long been internally divided over the issue. Some countries, such as Germany would prefer an almost unrestricted market so that their consumers could get the best bananas at the lowest prices. internally/ 内部の、国内の
Hundreds of people who wanted to join India's police force have been rioting in Northern India. The riots began because many thought the written test was too hard. It took more than an hour to bring the riots under control. Damian Grammaticas, BBC, Delhi:
riot/暴動、騒動 Twenty thousand hopefuls had turned up to take a written test, assessing their suitability to be constables in the Uttar Pradesh police. R M Srivastava, the Uttar Pradesh Home Secretary, told the BBC that the candidates were upset because they found the question paper too difficult. assess/評価する、判断する constable/巡査、治安関係の公務員 As they left the police headquarters in Ghaziabad, several hundred angry applicants began stopping cars and buses on the highway, breaking windows and demanding lifts. Passengers were forced from their vehicles, including several women who were hauled out and sexually assaulted. The mob of would-be police officers then ran out of control along a five kilometre section of the main highway to Delhi, smashing fences, looting food from kiosks and beating up shopkeepers. demanding/過度に要求する、（仕事などが）きつい haul/引きずる assault/猛攻撃、暴行 mob/群集、集団 loot/盗品 Security forces baton-charged the rioters to restore order. Almost thirty people were arrested. Uttar Pradesh police say they have how obtained still photographs and film of the riots and are busy identifying those responsible so their applications to join the police can be rejected. baton-charged /警棒による暴動鎮圧行為 restore/元の状態に戻る、復活 The disturbances come just as India's government is trying to reform the country's police services. Most Indians have little faith in their police, viewing them as lazy, corrupt and inefficient. The riots will do little to change that perception. disturbance/乱すこと、妨害、迷惑 corrupt/不正、堕落した inefficient/無能な、無力の perception/知覚、認知、理解 Damian Grammaticas, BBC South Asia Correspondent, Delhi Listen to the words hopefuls people who wanted their applications to be successful so that they could become police officers lifts free rides in cars that other people were driving hauled out forcefully, agressively pulled out of their cars The mob The large, noisy, angry group of people would-be police officers people who wanted to become members of the police force looting food from kiosks stealing large amounts of food from small, open huts or stalls, causing damage baton-charged used their short, thick heavy sticks to push back and control the crowd (batons are a type of weapon often used by police) to reform to make changes for the better corrupt using their position of power to dishonestly and illegally gain money and favours perception view, belief, what is understood < 前のページ次のページ >
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